母猪产后泌乳障碍综合征研究进展

母猪产后泌乳障碍综合征(PPDS)是种猪场的棘手问题之一,其病因多达30 多种,发病机理尚不明确,造成防治困难。PP DS的发病率具有明显的季节性,夏季的发病率明显高于其他3 个季节。其危害性主要表现在母猪生产性能下降、仔猪生长不良引起的经济效益下降。国内学者曾对PPDS的流行病学和防治方法进行了不少研究,积累了丰富的经验;国外文献报道了不少该病的病原及内分泌学方面的研究,对探明PPDS 的发病机理有重要意义。     

落叶松规格材加工利用技术研究

介绍"十一五"国家科技支撑计划"高强度结构材加工利用技术"课题中,对我国主要的商品林树种之一——落叶松,在规格材的优化加工、分级、无损检测、强度性能测试及木构件连接等关键技术研究方面,取得的重点创新成果。这些成果开创性地解决了我国利用国产资源加工结构用规格材的关键性和共性技术问题,并且为我国落叶松资源的高效利用,提供了新的技术途径。     

三种地板类型对母猪肢蹄健康的影响

为探索饲养母猪适宜的地板类型,跟踪分析3 600头母猪在3种地板模式下肢蹄部健康状况的影响。结果表明:使用新型复合材料开放式地板的母猪肢蹄健康状态最好,母猪肢蹄部病变比例为17.87%;半开放式混凝土地板加三合土地板次之,母猪肢蹄部病变为23.67%;限位饲养全混凝土地板较差,母猪肢蹄部病变为30.44%。试验数据说明,利用全漏缝新材料复合地板在自由采食饲养管理方式作用下,能够改善母猪肢蹄部健康状况的新思路、新方法是有效的、可行的。     

肉用西门塔尔牛改良云南黄牛的效果初报

对云南黄牛、西门塔尔与云南黄牛的杂交牛（西本杂）体尺体重进行了测定,结果西本牛与本地牛体尺体重都有了显著提高（P＜0．01）。西本杂牛的初生、6、12、18、24月龄体重比同龄本地牛分别高出82％、18％、69％、50％、78％。     

Community Forestry and Sustainable Development in Rural Area

After analysis on the current situation of international forestry, this paper proposes that integration, coordination and sustainable development will be the general developing trend of forest in China, and commercial forest, ecological forest and community forest should be organically combined with integrative development and sustainable development in rural areas. This paper focuses especially on clarifying the importance of community forest to the social development or rural areas, and emphasizes that the key point of forestry should be turned from biological and technical aspects to humane and social aspects.     

Barium selenate as a slow-release selenium preparation to pigs

Pregnant sows were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) or intramuscularly (i.m.) with a barium selenate suspension (0.5–1.0 mg Se/kg body weight (b.w.)) and together with control animals fed a commercial diet. No response to the injection was seen either in blood selenium levels or in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the sows. There was, however, a significant difference in these parameters between piglets born from treated dams and control animals. This status was maintained during the nursing period. In another experiment pigs (20 kg b.w.) on a Se-deficient diet were injected s.c. and i.m. with barium selenate (2.5 mg Se/kg b.w.). The treated groups maintained their blood levels of selenium and GSH-Px activity, although the selenium values in the group treated intramuscularly started to decline after 4 weeks. Organ samples from both groups were equal with regard to selenium at the time of slaughter while the control group showed a rapid decline both in blood selenium levels and GHS-Px activity.     

Reproductive Performance of Crossbred Dairy Cows in Different Production Systems in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia

The study was conducted to examine the fertility status of crossbred dairy cows in mixed crop-livestock production (MCLP), market-oriented specialized dairy production (MSDP) and urban dairy production (UDP) systems, including the Holetta Agricultural Research Center (HARC). Data on general farm management variables and reproductive histories were collected from study farms by questionnaire and from individual cow records. Age at first service and age at first calving were 29.58 months (n = 424) and 40.6 months (n = 348), respectively. Cows managed under UDP were younger at first service and at first calving (p<0.05). The mean intervals from calving to first service and to conception were 141.98 days (n = 284) and 185.02 days (n = 219), respectively. The mean calving interval for cows was 551.82 days (n = 258). Cows in MCLP had longer intervals from calving to first service and to conception and longer calving intervals than those managed under MSDP, UDP and HARC. First service conception rate (43.42%), number of services per conception (1.75) and pregnancy rate (79.29%) did not differ significantly between production systems. Reproductive performance was best in UDP followed by HARC and MSDP. The difference between MCLP and the rest points to particular difficulties in that system. To improve reproductive performance and economic benefit, there should be conservative stocking rate, sensible year-round feeding, a herd health plan, and sustainable extension service.     

Estimation of the carcass composition from a cross-section of the rib-loin from crossbred Japanese Black × Limousin F2 cattle by computer image analysis

The carcass composition of crossbred Japanese Black × Limousin F2 cattle was examined in order to find an accurate carcass composition equation. The test animals included 17 steers and 17 heifers. The 28 image measurements from the area encircling the vertical line to the thoracic vertebra and the line from the thoracic vertebra between the sixth and seventh rib‐bones were measured by computer image analysis. The relationships between the 29 parameters that added the carcass left side weight of the animal and the carcass composition were suggested. The carcass composition included muscle weight, muscle ratio, fat weight and fat ratio. The carcass composition from steers was estimated by an equation composed of these three or four parameters (R² = 90.80%, 79.30%, 90.75% and 73.70%, respectively). The selected parameters were measured without cutting the thoracic vertebra. The carcass composition from heifers was estimated by an equation composed of two to four parameters (R² = 96.15%, 90.98%, 93.60% and 88.22%, respectively). The parameters for the estimation of the muscle and fat weight, and muscle and fat ratio are very similar. Furthermore, the equations using the parameters could estimate the carcass composition from the Japanese Black × Limousin cattle resource population.     

野生日本鸣鹑与家鹌鹑及其杂交后代的行为规律研究

将微山湖野生日本鸣鹑与家鹌鹑杂交F2代按1公∶5母进行分组,采用秒表单位记时法观察鹌鹑的行为,并引用同期亲本和F1代的相同资料,对鸣叫、打斗和交配行为频次进行比较。结果表明:①杂交F2代鹌鹑鸣叫行为比家鹑低,除10∶00～11∶00外,其余时间段均存在显著差异(P<0.05);在14∶00～15∶00与野生日本鸣鹑存在显著差异(P<0.05);在14∶00～16∶00杂交F1代有显著差异(P<0.05);②杂交F2代鹌鹑打斗行为除16∶00～17∶00外与家鹑及杂交F1代无显著差异;③杂交F2代鹌鹑交配行为除16∶00～18∶00外与家鹑及杂交F1代均有显著差异(P<0.05)。     

组合式分娩栏对母猪活动和躺卧的影响

为了研究不同型式分娩哺育栏对母猪行为的影响,该试验设计了组合式分娩哺育栏,并进行了饲养试验,同时与普通矩形分娩哺育栏进行了比较。分别记录母猪在哺乳期的采食量以及仔猪的日增质量。在母猪哺乳期的第9、11、14、18天,采用监控设备对8头母猪的行为进行了录像。试验结果表明：组合式和矩形分娩哺育栏内母猪的站立时间分别占各种行为发生时间的22.74%和6.73%,坐立时间分别占2.22%和7.72%,躺卧行为分别占72.50%和84.55%,组合式分娩哺育栏内母猪走动时间占1.13%,矩形分娩哺乳栏内母猪不发生走动行为。组合式分娩哺育栏组母猪的姿势转换次数高于矩形分娩哺育栏组,每天平均数分别为99次和53次。组合式分娩哺育栏组和矩形分娩哺育栏组每头母猪的采食量分别为5.92 kg/d和5.24 kg/d,仔猪日增质量分别为229.93 g/d和224.85 g/d。组合式分娩哺育栏增加了母猪的活动空间,减少了对母猪身体的限制,母猪可以自由的表达各种行为,母猪的活动量增加,提高了母猪的福利状况,母猪的采食量和仔猪的日增质量因此而得到提高,提高了母猪的生产性能。